考研

首先，我们得清楚，阅读这一个题型它具体考查什么能力，这样我们才能对症下药。考纲中明确指出了六大类能力，各类能力也对应着六大类题型，依次是：理解文章主旨大意的主旨大意题;区分论点论据的例证题;理解作者态度的态度题;进行有关的判断、推理和引申的推断题，还有根据上下文推测生词句意的词义句意题和理解文中概念性含义、具体信息的细节题。

面对以上六大类题型，既然大纲中明确地进行了分类，这也就意味着要解不同的题就要用不同的技巧。接下来我们以例证题为例。

考试的时候遇到了例证题，第一步我们要做的就是识别，准确识别之后才能用上对应的解题技巧。从历年考查的试题中可以总结，即：作者用例子是用来说明什么的。常见表示“例子”的关键词可以：example/case/instance/story......，表示“说明”的关键词：illustrate，show、demonstrate......

以下面试题为例，来练习一下识别：

The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________.

[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments

[B] science advances when fruitful researches are conducted

[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research

[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research

通过example可以看出是个例证题，接下来就是要思考该如何去解题。当然从文章作者的写作意图去出发，举例的目的就是为了证明其观点，所以例证题考查的就是这个例子证明的观点而不是例证本身。而且从议论文的写作角度来看，例子证明的观点一般都是在例证之前，因此例证题通过例子定位之后，直接去找例子之前的论点句解题即可。接下来，我们就要尝试来解一解这道题。

Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

根据题干里面的Isaac Newton我们可以锁定其证明的论点句就是：Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. 这句的的大意为：实际上，科学的进步，比起所进行的实验，更依赖于实验的观察者(即做实验的人)有所准备的头脑。所以答案可以很快地对应到A.inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments(求知的头脑比科学实验更为重要)。其他选项都是例子本身的细节在做干扰，答非所问。

最后，来简单总结一下例证题的解题技巧。第一，通过example、illustrate等词进行识别;第二，带着例子定位去例子前面找论点解题。学会技巧，解题又快又准。预祝大家21考研成功!